Texas v. Johnson Essay - 1628 Words

Texas v. Johnson (No. 88-155). Argued: March 21, 1989. Decided: June 21, 1989 In 1984 the Republican National Convention was held in Dallas, Texas. While there, a group of protesters, opposed to President Reagans reelection, burned an American flag. Specifically, Greg Johnson was seen dousing the flag with kerosene and lighting it on fire. Johnson was arrested under a Texas flag desecration law. He was convicted and sentenced to one year in jail and fined $2000. The State Court of Appeals affirmed but the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the decision. The court first found that Johnsons actions were protected under the free speech clause under the†¦show more content†¦The act for which appellant was convicted was clearly speech contemplated by the First Amendment. The court also stated that, Recognizing that the right to differ is the centerpiece of our First Amendment freedoms, the court explained, a government cannot mandate by fiat a feeling of unity in its citizens. Therefore, that very same government cannot carve out a symbol of unity and prescribe a set of approved messages to be associated with that symbol when it cannot mandate the status or feeling the symbol purports to represent. The Supreme Court found that the states first interest of preserving the flag as a symbol of national unity was not made. The state had not shown that the flag was in danger of being stripped of its symbolic value, the Texas court also decided that flags special status was not endangered by Johnsons actions. The court also concluded that that the flag-desecration statute was not drawn narrowly enough to encompass only those flag burnings that were likely to result in a serious disturbance of the peace. The flag burning in this particular case did not threaten such a reaction. There were only a few witnesses to the act that stated that they were upset with the action but were not harmed in any way. There was no breach of peace nor does the record reflect that the situation was potentially explosive. Just because someone wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Case Analysis Texas V. Johnson1292 Words   |  6 Pages________________________________________ 491 U.S. 397 Texas v. Johnson CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEXAS ________________________________________ No. 88-155 Argued: March 21, 1989 --- Decided: June 21, 1989 This case analysis of Texas v. Gregory Lee Johnson was a Supreme Court case that overthrew bans on damaging the American flag in 48 of the 50 states. Gregory Lee Johnson participated in a political demonstration during the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas, Texas, where he burned the AmericanRead More texas v. johnson case brief Essay487 Words   |  2 Pages U.S. Supreme Court TEXAS v. JOHNSON, 491 U.S. 397 (1989) 491 U.S. 397 Citation: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Johnson was convicted of desecration of a venerated object in violation of a Texas statute. Date Decided: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;June 21, 1989 Facts of case: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas, Texas, Johnson decided to burn an American flag in protest of some policies made by the Reagan administration and some Dallas corporationsRead MoreTexas V. Johnson. The Case Texas V. Johnson Happened In774 Words   |  4 PagesTexas v. Johnson The case Texas v. Johnson happened in 1984, Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag to protest President Ronald Reagan in front of the convention center in Dallas, Texas. He was a member of the Revolutionary Communist Youth Brigade (Texas v. Johnson in 1989: Summary, Decision Significance, Stephen Benz). During the 1984 Republican National Convention, he participated in a political demonstration. The demonstrators were protesting the policies of the Reagan Administration.Read MoreThe Case Texas V. Johnson782 Words   |  4 PagesAngel Deng Ms. Crouse US Government Period 6 Texas v. Johnson The case Texas v. Johnson happened in 1984, Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag to protest President Ronald Reagan in front of the convention center in Dallas, Texas. He was a member of the Revolutionary Communist Youth Brigade (Texas v. Johnson in 1989: Summary, Decision Significance, Stephen Benz). During the 1984 Republican National Convention, he participated in a political demonstration. The demonstrators were protestingRead MoreDiscussing Texas V. Johnson Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussing Texas v. Johnson This paper will dive in and analyze the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case, Texas v. Johnson, and the still active controversy among the public concerning what circumstances state governments and the federal government have the right to constitutionally prohibit the burning or other form of desecration to the American Flag. Under its decision in Texas v. Johnson the later ruling in the case of United States v. Eichman, in 1990, the Supreme Court had ruledRead MoreThe Opposing case of Texas v. Johnson1218 Words   |  5 PagesCourt’s decision on the case of Texas v. Johnson has been a controversial one, as it involves the burning of our national symbol, the American flag. It leads to the question: Does the desecration of the American flag a way of expressing speech that is protected by the first amendment? Shouldnt the destruction of a true American symbol be protected and preserved, as it is a symbol that represents our country? There is a great amount of critici sm that Texas v. Johnson has been faced with; most of whichRead MoreCase Analysis : Texas V. Johnson Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesElloheim Tucker CRJ 201 Fall 2016 Dr. Cretacci I. Name: Texas v. Johnson II. Legal Citation: 491 U.S. 397 (1989) III. Statement Facts: The respondent was involved in a political demonstration where he had drenched the American flag with kerosene and lit it on fire. Respondent was charged and convicted of the illegal act of desecration of the flag. The criminal appeals reversed the conviction and said that petitioner could not prosecute the respondent for burning the flag as a part of politicalRead MoreIs Flag Burning Protected By The First Amendment?1617 Words   |  7 PagesFlag burning is a controversial topic and a topic that has been debated on for decades. I will begin this paper with some background on flag protection and conclude with an analysis on the Supreme Court decisions made in the cases of Texas v. Johnson and United States v. Eichman, which both struck down state and federal flag protection laws. While the act of flag burning is legal for the time being, the legality and future of flag burning is very much still in question because of there are individualsRead MoreThe Flag Of The United States903 Words   |  4 Pageslaws only lasted until 1989, because  in 1989, in the Texas v Johnson case,  the United States Supreme Court recognized that flag desecration as a form of symbolic political speech that is constitutionally protected by First Amendment and agreed that the â€Å"government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable†( ). In 1984, during the Republican National Convention in Dallas Texas, a group of protesters gathered to stage a politicalRead MoreSpeech Free Speech On The Freedom Of Speech1380 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial topic and a topic that has been debated on for decades. I will begin this paper with some background on flag burning and conclude with an analysis on the Supreme Court decisions made primarily in the cases of Texas v. Johnson 491 U.S. 397 (1989) and United States v. Eichman 496 U.S. 310 (1990), which both struck down state and federal flag protection laws. While the act of flag burning is legal for the time being, the legality and future of flag burning is very much still in question

A Critique of Theoretical Models Free Essays

In How to help people change, Dr. Jay Adams (1986) does not present a model of counseling per se. Instead, he provides an analysis, better yet and interpretation 2 Timothy 3:16. We will write a custom essay sample on A Critique of Theoretical Models or any similar topic only for you Order Now The interpretation is presented definitively as the sole method of acceptable counseling from a Christian and biblical context. One major flaw in his work is the underlying theological presupposition that only Christian people utilizing the framework he outlines can offer a process for counseling that results in what he calls acceptable change. Another unreasonable position held by Adams is the idea that change is only acceptable if it is â€Å"toward God† (p. 6). While this is certainly true in regards to salvation and the biblical directive to be a living sacrifice before God (NASB, Romans 12:1), even Jesus acknowledged that both the righteous and the unrighteous live under some measure of God’s grace and benefit (Matthew 5:45). It is unsustainable to hold a position that unredeemed persons are not able to observe God’s purpose and design in humanity and offer some level of help, in the context of counseling, even if it is not totally in alignment with God’s Word. I admire Adams stance and value on Scripture. In his book, he presents a view of the Bible that is an essential inhabitant of the Judeo-Christian worldview and value system. Nevertheless, he does not allow for elements of God’s truth to be discovered or evaluated from a perspective outside of the pages of Scripture. Adams says that â€Å"if it is a truth that is necessary to counseling, it will be found already in a purer form in the Bible† (p. 39). Honestly, one nearly has to reject intellectual credibility to formulate this type of statement because the Bible simply does not address a lot of issues tackled in the therapeutic sessions today. I wonder what would be Adam’s solution for a client’s disorderly and unrestrained sexual addictive behavior. The first solution would be to direct them to the Bible verses that as a Christian, they already know. Another solution would be to remind them that they should be reading the Bible and praying more than ever. In reality, if neither of those approaches work, then the nouthetic counseling approach would conclude that a person is one whom God has turned over to their own â€Å"degrading passions† (NASB, Romans 1: 26) thus breaking fellowship with them. Logically, one could see and would reason that sexual addictive behavior is rooted in an intimacy disorder, therefore once that is understood, biblical principles and theological understandings should under-gird the counselor’s approach to helping a counselee work towards healthy healing with the dilemma. According to Adams (1986), â€Å"†¦people must first hear the gospel, believe, and be saved† (p. 12). Seriously, this cannot be the first step in a counseling model. I believe that it would be a desired goal and that it could even be the best. Conversely, the counselor must meet a person where he or she is in life. Furthermore, it may be that a therapeutic relationship of trust must be built before the counselor even has an opportunity to introduce the idea of a relationship with Christ. In addition, even though it sounds unspiritual to say, the counselor must accept that some people are able to adjust and live well as non-Christian persons. They may not end up going to Heaven, but we cannot deny that some non-Christians live seemingly fulfilled lives. Dr. William Backus and Marie Chapian (2000) offer a good biblically based cognitive-behavior resource for dealing with feeling based concerns where cognitive awareness exists or is readily accessible in their book Telling Yourself the Truth. In addition, this writing provides a good dialogue about a Christian perspective concerning a person’s self-worth. However, there are some basic flaws in the model of Christian counseling as presented by Backus and Chapian. It is not acceptable to present the concept of â€Å"attitude† as if it only involves cognition (p. 16). In addition, Backus and Chapian offers a very simplistic understanding regarding triggers. It is doubtful that a counselor who works with persons involved in addictive behavior and sexual brokenness concerns would agree with Backus and Chapian’s etiology of self-hate. The most troublesome aspect of this model is their idea that â€Å"misbeliefs are the direct cause of emotional turmoil and maladaptive behavior† (p. 17). This statement alone demonstrates that Backus and Chapian do not understand developmental processes and that their perception concerning the impending impact of childhood experiences is feeble, at best. It is almost an absurdity to conclude that the primordial mental representations, including feelings, which are the basis for the characterological development of a person, language and socialization, are â€Å"caused by what we tell ourselves about our circumstances† (p. 17). Even with such flaws, it is agreed that Backus and Chapian’s model is useful in a cognitive-behavioral context concerning many adult concerns. In positioning their model of counseling as more appropriate than secular methods, Backus and Chapian state that â€Å"many excellent scientific investigations have demonstrated that it is entirely unnecessary to uncover the childhood antecedents of current behaviors in order to change them† (p. 25). However, there was no citation or reference provided to document existence of such scientific studies. Consistent with Adams, Backus and Chapian ascribe to the theological position that â€Å"Jesus taught that the truth has freeing power† (p. 181). However, Jesus actually said, â€Å"You shall know the Truth and the Truth shall set you free† (NASB, John 8:32). While Jesus was referring to His spoken word, it is also important to remember that according to John 1:1, Jesus is the Word and the context of John 8:32 presents Jesus as the light of the world. Both writings overemphasize the importance of the Word of God to the point of minimizing the importance of a relationship with Jesus. Backus and Chapian’s model, as does Adams’ models, fall short in a range of areas with scores of rationales. One area where the two counseling models are inadequate is in working with trauma-based concerns. There is no consideration for fear-based trauma memories resulting in cynical planning which bypasses cognitive function. Further there is no consideration in either counseling model for understanding concerns where the etiology of a problem is rooted in an attachment disorder. Of course cognitive-behavioral methods are appropriate in dealing with such concerns. However, it is inadequate to conclude that the sole method of treating attachment pathology is a focused effort towards changing one’s thinking process. It is interesting that neither Adams nor Backus attempted to provide a framework for personality organization when presenting their counseling model. Rather, they both expend a great deal of effort in standing against the writings and views of others. It would be desirable that evangelical authors would stop writing about what everyone in the Psychology field is doing wrong. Instead, it would be helpful to develop a theory or model of personality and counseling that all Christian persons could work towards maturing and developing. It seems wasteful to continue presenting emotionally charged views against others at the expense of building our own Christian understandings. References Adams, J. E. (1986). How to help people change: The four-step biblical process. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. Backus, W. Chapian, M. (2000). Telling yourself the truth: Find your way out of depression, anxiety, fear, anger, and other common problems by applying the principles of misbelieve therapy. Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers. How to cite A Critique of Theoretical Models, Papers

Development of Sri Lanka Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"As the Government Agent of the District I was gazetted as a Deputy Director for Cooperative Development. This had been done with the thought of the Government Agent oversing the Assistant Commissioner of Cooperatives and the work of the Cooperative Department in the District for the intent of implementing the agricultural development programme. I usurped the full powers of a Deputy Director of Cooperatives and ordered the President of the Morawaka Cooperative Union to utilize financess available with the Coop Union and set up the industry and acquire down to fabricating crayons. I forbid the Assistant Commissioner of Cooperatives from informing his foreman. the Commissioner of Cooperatives in Colombo. who could hold shot down my activities. The Commissioner was a close friend of mine but no rebel and I was certain that he would non O.K. my action. I had to maintain him in the dark. Sumanapala Dahanayke the President of the Coop Union. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of Sri Lanka Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the rebel he was. he readily agreed and we got down to set up the industry. Twenty unemployment young persons were recruited and the Coop Union purchased the necessary equipment. More young persons were employed for packing and managing. The industry was established and we got down to the devising of crayons ; labels and boxes were hurriedly printed and crayons packages were produced to make full a big room. This was done really rapidly. working twenty-four hours and dark because secretiveness was a premier necessity. If the Ministry of Plan Implementation got air current of the undertaking they could halt it immediately. keep an enquiry and penalize me. The undertaking was to set up the fabrication unit. do good quality crayons and to demo them to identify Cabinet Ministers and acquire them involved so that they could stand up for me in instance there was a job. The Minister for Industries Mr T. B. Subasinghe was surprised when shown the crayons that were produced and readily agreed to open the gross revenues. With that we felt safe. With the startup of the gross revenues. the industry came to the unfastened and the success in production and gross revenues richly justified the fact that no Ministry blessing had been obtained. The Ministry of Plan Implementation had to eat low pie and eventually the crayon mill. established without authorization in a damp clandestine mode. gained the full blessing of the Government†¦ This crayon industry was a expansive success which paid up the entire spending in the first six months of its operation. After I left the Administrative Service in April 1973. the industry continued under the able way of Sumanapala Dahanayake the President of the Coop Union boulder clay 1977 when the new Government interfered. Any good industry established by the former authorities was anathema to the new Government and the new Government sent a Deputy Director of Cooperatives. N. T. Ariyaratne with specific instructions to happen mistake with this industry so that they could take action against Sumanapala Dahanayake. the President of the Coop Union. the earlier member of parliament. who had established the industry under my way and had with the young person collaborators managed it in a commercially feasible mode. Mr Ariyaratne had found the industry in proper order to the full commercially feasible and this saved Mr. Dahanayake. However. the crayon industry had to shut down due to the onslaught of imports under the free trade policies of the new Government. At its flower from 1972 to 1977 this crayon industry did bring forth around a ten percent of the crayon demands of the state and it could easy hold been developed to bring forth non merely the country’s full demands but could hold even be developed to construct up an export trade. Full inside informations of the jobs that were faced in the constitution of the crayon industry have been given to exemplify the odds faced in set uping industries. It is non an easy undertaking to set up a new industry from abrasion. In any state when a successful industry is established it should be closely supported and guarded in the national involvement. Not so in Sri Lanka. when political competition raises its ugly head†¦ What this illustrates is that we can set up import permutation type of industries. utilizing our expertness. The function played by Rahula College. Matara and its scientific discipline instructors shows that in Colleges we have a resource which is non tapped for development. I am told that the scientific discipline lab at the Anuradhapura Madhya Maha Vidyalaya is far better equipped than Rahula College. Another fact is how everything from start to complete was done within three months. We do hold decision makers. applied scientists. alumnus and trained instructors who can execute miracles. What is required is the political will. to order that it be done. I look frontward to see that twenty-four hours.